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MIL-HDBK-1125-1

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MIL-HDBK-1125/1, MILITARY HANDBOOK MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION OF CENTRAL HEATING PLANTS. The purpose of this handbook is to provide information and guidance on installation, operation, and maintenance of US Navy central boiler plant equipment. Efficient plant operation becomes more important with each increase in cost of fuel and equipment. The central plant operator has an important job in achieving and maintaining maximum efficiency of plant operation. Information and guidance in this handbook should be reviewed as a first step toward achieving efficient plant operation.

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【英文标准名称】:Fibreopticfan-outs-Part1:genericspecification.
【原文标准名称】:纤维光学扇形输出器.第1部分:总规范
【标准号】:NFC93-829-1-2005
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:2005-12-01
【实施或试行日期】:2005-12-05
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(FR-AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:认可;分支管道;分支;分支器件;定义;文献工作;电气工程;设备安全;评定;光纤;总规范;识别;检验;作标记;光波导;质量评定;规范;规范(验收);定型试验;型式
【英文主题词】:Approval;Branchconduits;Branching;Branchingdevices;Definitions;Documentations;Electricalengineering;Equipmentsafety;Evaluations;Fibreoptics;Genericspecification;Identification;Inspection;Marking;Opticalwaveguides;Qualityassessment;Specification;Specification(approval);Typetesting;Types
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:M33
【国际标准分类号】:33_180_20
【页数】:29P.;A4
【正文语种】:其他


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforEvaluatingTestSensitivityforRubberTestMethods
【原文标准名称】:评定橡胶试验方法的试验敏感性的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMD6600-2000(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2000
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D11.16
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:absolutetestsensitivity;calibrationmaterial;referencematerial;relativetestsensitivity;signal-to-noiseratio;testsensitivity;Rubberpropertyanalysis;Sensitivitycriterion/response;Testingmethods
【摘要】:Testingisconductedtomaketechnicaldecisionsonmaterials,processes,andproducts.Withthecontinuedgrowthintheavailabletestmethodsforevaluatingscientificandtechnicalproperties,aquantitativeapproachisneededtoselecttestmethodsthathavehigh(orhighest)qualityortechnicalmerit.Theproceduresasdefinedinthispracticemaybeusedforthispurposetomaketestingascosteffectiveaspossible.Oneindexoftestmethodtechnicalmeritandimpliedsensitivityfrequentlyusedinthepasthasbeentestmethodprecision.Theprecisionisusuallyexpressedassomemultipleofthetestmeasurementstandarddeviationforadefinedtestingdomain.Althoughprecisionisarequiredquantityfortestsensitivity,itisanincompletecharacteristic(onlyonehalfofthenecessaryinformation)sinceitdoesnotconsiderthediscriminationpowerfortheFP(orconstituent)beingevaluated.Anyattempttoevaluaterelativetestsensitivityfortwodifferenttestmethodsonthebasisoftestmeasurementstandarddeviationratiosorvarianceratios,whichlackanydiscriminationpowerinformationcontent,constitutesaninvalidquantitativebasisforsensitivity,ortechnicalmeritevaluation.Coefficientofvariationratios(whicharenormalizedtothemean)mayconstituteavalidtestsensitivityevaluationonlyunderthespecialconditionwherethetwotestmethodsundercomparisonaredirectlyproportionalorreciprocallyrelatedtoeachother.Iftherelationshipbetweentwotestmethodsisnonlinearorlinearwithanonzerointercept,thecoefficientofvariationratiosarenotequivalenttothetruetestsensitivityasdefinedinthispractice.SeediscussionofexampleinX1.1.4.Thefigureofmeritdefinedbytestsensitivityanditsvariousclassifications,categories,andtypesasintroducedbythispracticepermitsanauthenticquantitativetestsensitivityevaluation.1.1Thispracticecoverstestingtoevaluatechemicalconstituents,chemicalandphysicalpropertiesofcompoundingmaterials,andcompoundedandcuredrubbers,whichmayfrequentlybeconductedbyoneormoretestmethods.Whenmorethanonetestmethodisavailable,twoquestionsarise:Whichtestmethodhasthebetter(orbest)responsetoordiscriminationfortheunderlyingfundamentalpropertybeingevaluated?andWhichtestmethodhastheleasterror?Thesetwocharacteristicscollectivelydetermineonetypeoftechnicalmeritoftestmethodsthatmaybedesignatedastestsensitivity.1.2Althoughacomprehensiveanddetailedtreatment,asgivenbythispractice,isrequiredforafullappreciationoftestsensitivity,asimplifiedconceptualdefinitionmaybegivenhere.Testsensitivityistheratioofdiscriminationpowerforthefundamentalpropertyevaluatedtothemeasurementerrororuncertainty,expressedasastandarddeviation.Thegreaterthediscriminatingpowerandthelowerthetesterror,thebetteristhetestsensitivity.Borrowingfromtheterminologyinelectronics,thisratiohasfrequentlybeencalledthesignal-to-noiseratio;thesignalcorrespondingtothediscriminationpowerandthenoisecorrespondingtothetestmeasurementerror.Therefore,thispracticedescribeshowtestsensitivity,genericallydefinedasthesignal-to-noiseratio,maybeevaluatedfortestmethodsusedintherubbermanufacturingindustry,whichmeasuretypicalphysicalandchemicalproperties,withexceptionsasnotedin1.3.1.3Thispracticedoesnotaddressthetopicofsensitivityforthresholdlimitsorminimumdetectionlimits(MDL)insuchapplicationsas(1)theeffectofintentionalvariationsofcompoundingmaterialsonmeasuredcompoundpropertiesor(2)theevaluationoflowortraceconstituentlevels.Minimumdetectionlimitsarethesubjectofseparatestandards.